In 1990, Ethiopia and Israel came to an agreement under
which Ethiopian Jews would
be allowed to leave under the auspices of family reunification.
As word spread that, thousands began leaving Gonder
for Addis Ababa. The Ethiopian government enacted quotas
based on time spent in Sudan, in Addis Ababa, ill-health,
age, position within the community and other similar
factors.
In 1991, the political and economic situation in Ethiopia
had deteriorated as Eritrean and Tigrean rebels mounted
increasingly successful offensives against the Mariam
regime. In May, rebels took control of Addis Ababa and
Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam fled. In late 1990, worried
about what might happen to Ethiopian Jews during a political
transition period, aliyah and aid workers, the Jewish
Agency, Israeli government and IDF had already made
covert preparations to airlift and absorb Ethiopian
Jews. On Friday May 24th, as the rebels closed in, Operation
Solomon began.
Over
the course of 36 hours, a total of 34 El Al Hercules
c-130s - with their seats removed to maximize passenger
capacity - flew non-stop. 14,325 Ethiopian Jews came
home to Israel, to be greeted by thousands of Israelis
who gathered at temporary absorption centers, hotels
and hostels to welcome their brethren. Operation Solomon
saw the rescue of twice the number of Ethiopian Jews
in Operations Moses and Joshua put together.
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